![]() ![]() Rh incompatibility can occur when a pregnant woman has Rh-negative blood, and her baby has Rh-positive blood. For example, if a person with type A blood received a type B or AB blood transfusion, an ABO incompatibility response would occur. When blood cells are transfused that aren’t compatible with the recipient’s blood type, the immune system recognizes them as foreign invaders and responds by attacking and destroying them (incompatibility). Their bodies recognize A, B, and Rh antigens as their own, allowing them to receive red blood cells of any ABO or Rh type ![]() Universal recipients have type AB, Rh-positive blood (AB+). The red blood cells do not contain antigens or the Rh factor to interact with a recipient's antibodies. Persons who are O- are called universal donors because they can donate blood to persons with any blood type.Yes, universal blood donors have type O, Rh-negative blood (O-), which is compatible with all blood types. Individuals who are AB+ are called universal recipients because they can receive any blood type. These types are A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O. However, a person who is Rh- should only receive blood from someone who is Rh-.īlood Type Combinations: Combining the ABO and Rh factor blood groups, there are a total of eight possible blood types. A person who is Rh+ can receive blood from someone who is Rh+ or Rh- without any negative consequences. Like the ABO antigens, the Rh factor is also an inherited trait with possible genotypes of Rh+ (Rh+/Rh+ or Rh+/Rh-) and Rh- (Rh-/Rh-). To prevent this from happening, Rh- mothers are given Rhogam injections to stop the development of antibodies against the blood of the fetus. This can result in hemolytic disease in which fetal red blood cells are destroyed by antibodies from the mother. In the case of an Rh- mother and Rh+ fetus, exposure to the blood of the fetus can cause the mother to build up antibodies against the child's blood. A person can become exposed to Rh+ blood in instances such as a blood transfusion or a pregnancy where the Rh- mother has an Rh+ child. A person who is Rh- will produce antibodies against Rh+ blood cells if exposed to them. If absent, the blood type is Rh negative (Rh-). Rh Positive or Rh Negative: If the Rh factor is present on the blood cell surface, the blood type is said to be Rh positive (Rh+). Studies performed with the rhesus monkey lead to the discovery of this factor, hence the name Rh factor. Known as the Rhesus factor or Rh factor, this antigen may be present or absent from red blood cells. In addition to the ABO group antigens, there is another blood group antigen located on red blood cell surfaces. MAURO FERMARIELLO/Science Photo Library/Getty Images Since people with type AB blood have no A or B antibodies in their blood plasma, they can receive blood from persons with A, B, AB, or O type blood.īlood Group Test. This can be deadly as the clumped cells can block blood vessels and prevent proper blood flow in the cardiovascular system. If this person is given blood of type A, his or her type A antibodies will bind to the antigens on the type A blood cells and initiate a cascade of events that will cause the blood to clump together. For example, a person with blood type B makes antibodies against blood type A. The antibodies in the blood plasma are A and B.ĭue to the fact that a person with one blood type produces antibodies against another blood type when exposed to it, it is important that individuals be given compatible blood types for transfusions. There are no A or B antigens on the blood cell. There are no A or B antibodies in the blood plasma. ![]() The antigens on the blood cell are A and B. The antigens on the blood cell are B and the antibodies in the blood plasma are A.
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